Vấn đề phát sinh khi cân nặng không tăng đúng cách?
Is It a Problem if I’m Not Gaining Enough Weight During Pregnancy? During pregnancy, gaining too much weight can be a concern, but gaining too little also deserves attention. In particular, being underweight before pregnancy or not gaining enough weight during pregnancy may be associated with a higher chance of having a baby who is small for gestational age or has a low birth weight. If severe nausea and vomiting make it difficult to eat or drink enough, pay close attention to your nutrition and weight. If you are unable to eat adequately or continue to lose weight, talk to your healthcare provider rather than trying to manage it on your own. Healthy weight gain matters for both you and your baby The recommended amount of weight gain depends on your pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). For a singleton pregnancy, people who were underweight before pregnancy (BMI below 18.5) are generally advised to gain about 12.5–18 kg (28–40 lb), while those with a normal BMI (18.5–24.9) are advised to gain about 11.5–16 kg (25–35 lb). Recommendations are lower for those who were overweight or obese and different for twin pregnancies. Rather than focusing on one number, your healthcare provider will consider your pre-pregnancy weight, gestational age, your baby’s growth, and your overall health together. Pay attention to iron, too Restricting food too much because you are worried about weight gain or eating a very limited diet can make it harder to get enough iron and other nutrients. Iron requirements increase during pregnancy, which makes iron-deficiency anemia more common. Iron can be found in foods such as lean meat, fish, eggs, beans, tofu, and iron-fortified foods. Recommendations for iron and folic acid supplements vary by country and individual health needs, so follow the advice you receive during prenatal care. WHO recommends iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy to help prevent maternal anemia, low birth weight, and preterm birth. What should you eat? Rather than relying on one “special” food, aim for a balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, protein, healthy fats, vegetables, and fruit. Protein supports the growth of your baby, placenta, and maternal tissues. Good sources include meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, beans, and tofu. Vegetables and fruit provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Folate is found in foods such as dark green vegetables, legumes, citrus fruits, and fortified grains, but supplements are also recommended around conception and early pregnancy. WHO recommends 400 μg of folic acid daily from the time you begin trying to conceive through 12 weeks of pregnancy. Calcium can be obtained from milk, yogurt and other dairy products, calcium-fortified foods, and tofu. The U.S. recommended intake for pregnant adults is 1,000 mg per day, while WHO specifically recommends calcium supplementation in populations with low dietary calcium intake. Limiting very salty and highly processed foods can be part of a healthy diet, but restricting salt specifically to prevent preeclampsia is not recommended. Follow individualized medical advice if you have a condition that requires dietary restrictions. If you are not gaining enough weight, the goal is not simply to “eat as much as possible.” Try smaller, more frequent meals and choose nutrient-dense foods that provide protein and healthy fats even in small portions. If your weight continues to fall or does not increase, severe morning sickness prevents you from eating, or there are concerns about your baby’s growth, talk to your obstetric care team or a dietitian.