40w LaterGuide

Uterine fibroids are common, noncancerous growths that develop from the muscle of the uterus. They are not cancer and almost never become cancer.

Many people with fibroids have no symptoms and may not need treatment. Fibroids often become smaller after menopause.

What symptoms can fibroids cause?

When symptoms occur, they can vary depending on the size, location and number of fibroids. Possible symptoms include heavy or prolonged periods, painful periods, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder, constipation, lower back or abdominal pain, and pain during sex.

Heavy menstrual bleeding can also lead to iron-deficiency anemia.

Do larger or multiple fibroids always cause more problems?

Not necessarily. Their location can be just as important as their size or number.

For example, a fibroid that bulges into the uterine cavity may cause heavy bleeding or affect fertility even when it is relatively small, while fibroids in other locations may cause few or no symptoms.

Can fibroids make it harder to get pregnant?

Having fibroids does not automatically mean you will have difficulty becoming pregnant. Many people with fibroids conceive naturally and do not need treatment before pregnancy.

However, certain fibroids—particularly those that distort the uterine cavity—may affect fertility or pregnancy in some people.

When is treatment needed?

Fibroids without symptoms can often be monitored without treatment.

Treatment may be considered if they cause heavy bleeding and anemia, significant pain or pressure, bladder or bowel symptoms, or fertility-related problems. The best option depends on your symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, your health and your plans for future pregnancy.

Seek medical care promptly if you develop sudden severe pelvic pain or very heavy vaginal bleeding.