40w LaterGuide

Vaginal discharge can naturally change throughout the menstrual cycle. But if you notice an unusual change in its amount, color, texture or smell—especially with itching, burning or discomfort when urinating—vaginitis or another condition may be the cause.

What causes vaginitis?

Common causes include bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) and trichomoniasis.

BV results from an imbalance in vaginal bacteria and may cause increased discharge with a fishy odor. A yeast infection may cause intense itching, burning and thick white discharge. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that may cause changes in discharge, irritation and discomfort when urinating.

Similar symptoms can also have noninfectious causes, such as irritation, allergies or hormonal changes. Other STIs, including chlamydia and gonorrhea, may cause vaginal symptoms as well.

Can you tell the cause from discharge alone?

The appearance and smell of vaginal discharge can provide clues, but symptoms alone are not enough for an accurate diagnosis. A healthcare professional may examine a sample of vaginal discharge or perform other tests. Some results are available immediately, while others may take a few days.

Does my partner need treatment too?

It depends on the cause. Yeast infections are not generally considered STIs, and routine partner treatment is usually unnecessary. If an STI such as trichomoniasis is diagnosed, however, sexual partners also need evaluation and treatment to prevent reinfection. Recommendations for partner treatment in BV are evolving, so discuss recurrent BV with a healthcare professional.

Avoid self-diagnosis

Normal discharge may increase around ovulation and does not necessarily mean you have an infection. However, unusual odor or discharge accompanied by itching, burning or pain should be evaluated. Avoid douching or washing inside the vagina, as this can disrupt its natural balance. If symptoms persist or repeatedly return, seek medical care.