40w LaterGuide

In IVF, mature eggs are collected from the ovaries, fertilized with sperm in the laboratory, and the resulting embryos are cultured before one or more suitable embryos are transferred into the uterus or frozen for future use.

Egg Retrieval

When the follicles have developed sufficiently, medication is given to trigger final egg maturation. Egg retrieval is then scheduled at a carefully planned time before ovulation occurs.

During egg retrieval, a needle is usually guided through the vaginal wall under ultrasound to collect fluid from the follicles. Sedation or anesthesia is commonly used, although the exact method varies by clinic and country.

If sedation or anesthesia is planned, you may be asked to fast beforehand. The required fasting period and whether you may drink clear liquids depend on the anesthesia protocol, so follow your clinic’s instructions.

A sperm sample from a partner or donor is also prepared for fertilization. If a fresh semen sample is needed, the clinic will provide specific collection instructions. A frozen sperm sample may also be used in some cases.

After egg retrieval, you will usually rest until you have recovered sufficiently to go home. Mild cramping, spotting, or bloating can occur. Follow your clinic’s advice about activity, medications, and when to seek medical attention.

Progesterone or other luteal support may be prescribed after retrieval and transfer, depending on the treatment protocol. The form and duration vary from person to person.

Fertilization and Embryo Culture

Collected eggs are fertilized in the laboratory using conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In ICSI, a single sperm is injected directly into an egg and may be recommended depending on sperm factors, previous fertilization results, or other clinical considerations.

Not every collected egg will be mature, fertilize, or develop into a transferable embryo. Embryos are monitored in the laboratory for several days, and the timing of transfer or freezing depends on their development and the treatment plan.

Embryo Transfer

The number of embryos transferred is chosen carefully to balance the chance of pregnancy with the risk of multiple pregnancy. In many countries and clinics, single embryo transfer is preferred when appropriate. National regulations and clinic policies may also affect the number that can be transferred.

During embryo transfer, a thin catheter is passed through the cervix and the embryo is gently placed into the uterus. Anesthesia is usually not required. Some clinics use abdominal ultrasound guidance and may ask you to have a comfortably full bladder.

Fasting is generally not required for embryo transfer unless your clinic gives different instructions. Most people can return to normal daily activities soon after the procedure, and prolonged bed rest is generally not necessary.

Embryo Freezing

Suitable embryos that are not transferred may be frozen for future use. In some situations, all suitable embryos may be frozen instead of performing a fresh transfer—for example, when there is a high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), when the uterine environment is not considered optimal for transfer, or for other medical reasons.

A frozen embryo transfer (FET) can later be performed without another egg retrieval. The uterine lining may be prepared using a natural cycle, ovulation induction, or hormone medication depending on your individual treatment plan.

How long embryos may be stored, storage fees, consent requirements, and rules for future use or disposal differ by country and clinic. Check the regulations and consent documents that apply where you are receiving treatment.

Pregnancy Test

A pregnancy test is usually performed around 1–2 weeks after embryo transfer, depending on the type of embryo transferred and the clinic protocol. If pregnancy is confirmed, follow-up blood tests and ultrasound may be scheduled to assess early pregnancy development.

If pregnancy does not occur, your specialist will discuss the next step, which may include another frozen embryo transfer or another IVF cycle. The timing between treatment cycles depends on your recovery, ovarian response, and individual medical circumstances.